KEY HIGHLIGHTS
- Indians are rapidly embracing electric vehicles, yet there remains considerable ambiguity surrounding these vehicles.
- While Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) are gaining momentum each year, the Hybrid vehicle segment also offers a variety of options.
- Let's delve into each type of vehicle to clarify any uncertainties.
The term "electric vehicle" often serves as a catch-all for PHEVs, BEVs, and MHEVs. However, the differences between these types of vehicles are as distinct as those between a compact SUV and a hatchback. As customers shift towards more sustainable driving options, many find themselves confused by the various types of electric vehicles. Think of the electric vehicle as a banyan tree, with each type of EV representing a unique branch. To clear up this confusion, I'll explain these differences in the most straightforward way. Let's dive in, also, join our 91Wheels WhatsApp Group community of petrolheads to never miss out on any updates from the automotive world.
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Types of vehicles
As per FADA, Indians bought 1.5 million electric vehicles in FY 2023, and the longest jump is taken by electric scooter segment. To add more, passenger vehicles market grew by outstanding 114.16 %, and Tata motors dominated the market with their Tata Tigor EV, Nexon EV, and Tiago EV, which are battery electric vehicle (BEV). So let's start with BEVs.
BEV
These vehicles' main source of power is a battery, which needs charging to keep them in motion. There is no exhaust note and no emissions. It's as simple as that. In India, BEVs are selling like sugar. You name it: buses, scooters, cars, three-wheelers, and to some extent, motorcycles. Example of BEV is Tata Punch ev, Tata Nexon ev, and BMW iX.
The Tata Punch is currently one of the hottest-selling EVs, boasting a range of 421 km and accelerating from 0 to 100 km/h in 9.5 seconds, powered by a 35 kWh battery. In comparison, the BMW iX features a larger 111.5 kWh battery, offering an impressive range of 575 km.
PHEV
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) are equipped with both an internal combustion engine and a sizeable battery. The battery requires charging to provide electric-only range, typically between 70 to 80 km. A significant advantage of PHEVs is that they can operate solely on battery power for shorter trips, reducing fuel consumption and emissions. Additionally, when the battery is depleted, the internal combustion engine can take over, ensuring that you can continue driving without needing to find a charging station immediately.
The combination of an engine and battery in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) significantly enhances fuel economy. This synergy allows the car to travel long distances before needing to recharge or refuel. Unfortunately, there are currently no vehicles in India that follow this model. However, MG Motors said they will launch the first PHEV vehicle in India by next year and aims to be at top in New Electric Vehicle (Segment) by 2030.
Some famous examples of PHeV, are Toyota Prius, Volvo XC90, and BMW X5.
MHEV
In a Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle (MHEV), a small electric motor is attached near the boot space. This motor provides additional energy to the internal combustion engine. The battery doesn't need an external source for charging; it gets recharged through regenerative braking. When the car starts moving, the battery powers it, and after reaching a certain speed, the engine takes over. This process results in excellent fuel economy. On of the prime example of this technology is Maruti Grand Vitara, which has an acclaimed mileage of 27.97 Km/l.
BMW and other German automakers use 48-volt hybrid technology, which not only boosts performance but also enhances fuel economy. Currently, every new BMW launching in India, is coming with this technology.
HEV
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are not a new concept; they have been around for a while. However, people are now beginning to understand their potential and possibilities. An HEV features both an engine and a full-sized battery, which are regulated by a computer. The computer decides which power source to use based on driving behavior. Notably, the batteries recharge themselves, eliminating the need for external charging.
The battery is especially useful when starting the car and when it is stopped at a red light. During these times, the engine shuts off, and the battery powers the air conditioning and ventilated seats. One of the most successful examples of this model is the Honda City e.Hev, which delivers a mileage of 27.13 km/l in both city and highway driving.
Another emerging power source is hydrogen, used in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs). Currently in the research and development stage, FCEVs are expected to become available in the near future. The Minister of Road Transport & Highways, Shri Nitin Gadkari, owns a hydrogen-powered Toyota Mirai, which he uses as his daily driver. He is a strong advocate of alternative fuels and consistently emphasizes the importance of electric vehicles.
Also Read: Hybrid Cars You Can Buy Under Rs 20 Lakh. Check Out
Verdict
Electric vehicles primarily rely on power generated from batteries. However, we have not yet reached the point where internal combustion engines are obsolete. It will likely take at least 15 to 20 years to fully phase them out. In the meantime, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), and Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicles (MHEVs) are bridging the gap. These vehicles leverage a synergy between two power sources, combining their strengths to achieve greater efficiency and performance.
